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What Is An Essay?

What Is An Essay? I can change he margins, improve the font point measurement or just choose a font that fits me wants for area. That is why nearly al assignments are done with word counts. Graduates of writing programs also pursue careers in enhancing, public relations, print journalism and broadcast journalism. Communications and media are various industries with quite a few occupational pathways for individuals who may be interested in writing, however not essentially writing careers. Examples vary from public relations to leisure. Learn more about a few of the potential employment choices to contemplate in the desk beneath. To assist them from getting caught and enhancing every sentence again and again as they write, they select a minimal variety of phrases they wish to write each day. These phrases will not be good and can probably need to be closely edited, however it gets the ideas down and keeps them from getting stuck on one area of their e-book. I common 240 handwritten words per faculty dominated sheet. I write longer words than most, so most of my pages have less phrases than the estimates on this web page. It works properly for me, however I know others who don’t do well with it. I think it depends a lot in your personality, but forcing myself to be consistent day in and day trip helps me get my books done. Without a daily word count, I would by no means complete them. What am I alleged to do if I write a thousand words, but it doesn’t make the number of pages I need? For those who are in search of a fundamental tough idea, this is helpful. I solely want to write down 250 phrases and also you don’t have how many pages that is on your record. Enrolling in a writing program whereas managing a busy schedule can be a challenge. Fortunately there are distance learning packages in writing that supply flexible scheduling. You should change them so they are more accurate for individuals who use longer vocabulary words. Depending on the style of guide you might be writing, word depend can be crucial in whether or not your writing can really be printed. Publishers like certain genres to be within sure word counts, so any writer who hopes to be published has to create their works inside these counts. Many authors use word count as a motivational software. I don’t assume I should have to write extra words simply because mine happen to be shorter than my classmates. We both wrote the identical variety of words, his are just longer so it takes up extra pages. That means individuals who write lengthy phrases have a bonus although long phrases aren’t always good to use. Things had been a lot easier again in the day when you could know precisely what number of pages 500 phrases would be. Now that it’s so easy to manipulate pages, they have no actual that means. Everyone is aware of how simple it's to manipulate pages that it’s the one means to make sure assignments are carried out correctly. Just as a result of an estimate won’t be precisely proper doesn’t imply it isn’t useful. I actually have a paper with ~2800 phrases and it is three strains previous the 4th page. Normally for online publishing in my view we now have to make use of 12 font dimension ,single spacing.therefore 500 phrases is one page. Aye how many phrases do I have to put if I’m typing a 14 web page essay. I agree that there are a lot of people who are overly concerned with word rely, but there are reliable reasons to maintain it in thoughts as well. If it’s not one thing necessary to you and your writing, you possibly can ignore it. Some of us get marked down points if we do not hit a certain word depend or web page rely. If I’m assigned a paper and it needs to be a minimal variety of phrases, I fear about hitting that quantity. Most of my professors require that we submit things online. This makes it really easy because the computer counts the variety of phrases for them. It is determined by how giant or small your letters are.

What Is An Essay?

What Is An Essay? I can change he margins, improve the font point measurement or just choose a font that fits me wants for area. That is why nearly al assignments are done with word counts. Graduates of writing programs also pursue careers in enhancing, public relations, print journalism and broadcast journalism. Communications and media are various industries with quite a few occupational pathways for individuals who may be interested in writing, however not essentially writing careers. Examples vary from public relations to leisure. Learn more about a few of the potential employment choices to contemplate in the desk beneath. To assist them from getting caught and enhancing every sentence again and again as they write, they select a minimal variety of phrases they wish to write each day. These phrases will not be good and can probably need to be closely edited, however it gets the ideas down and keeps them from getting stuck on one area of their e-book. I common 240 handwritten words per faculty dominated sheet. I write longer words than most, so most of my pages have less phrases than the estimates on this web page. It works properly for me, however I know others who don’t do well with it. I think it depends a lot in your personality, but forcing myself to be consistent day in and day trip helps me get my books done. Without a daily word count, I would by no means complete them. What am I alleged to do if I write a thousand words, but it doesn’t make the number of pages I need? For those who are in search of a fundamental tough idea, this is helpful. I solely want to write down 250 phrases and also you don’t have how many pages that is on your record. Enrolling in a writing program whereas managing a busy schedule can be a challenge. Fortunately there are distance learning packages in writing that supply flexible scheduling. You should change them so they are more accurate for individuals who use longer vocabulary words. Depending on the style of guide you might be writing, word depend can be crucial in whether or not your writing can really be printed. Publishers like certain genres to be within sure word counts, so any writer who hopes to be published has to create their works inside these counts. Many authors use word count as a motivational software. I don’t assume I should have to write extra words simply because mine happen to be shorter than my classmates. We both wrote the identical variety of words, his are just longer so it takes up extra pages. That means individuals who write lengthy phrases have a bonus although long phrases aren’t always good to use. Things had been a lot easier again in the day when you could know precisely what number of pages 500 phrases would be. Now that it’s so easy to manipulate pages, they have no actual that means. Everyone is aware of how simple it's to manipulate pages that it’s the one means to make sure assignments are carried out correctly. Just as a result of an estimate won’t be precisely proper doesn’t imply it isn’t useful. I actually have a paper with ~2800 phrases and it is three strains previous the 4th page. Normally for online publishing in my view we now have to make use of 12 font dimension ,single spacing.therefore 500 phrases is one page. Aye how many phrases do I have to put if I’m typing a 14 web page essay. I agree that there are a lot of people who are overly concerned with word rely, but there are reliable reasons to maintain it in thoughts as well. If it’s not one thing necessary to you and your writing, you possibly can ignore it. Some of us get marked down points if we do not hit a certain word depend or web page rely. If I’m assigned a paper and it needs to be a minimal variety of phrases, I fear about hitting that quantity. Most of my professors require that we submit things online. This makes it really easy because the computer counts the variety of phrases for them. It is determined by how giant or small your letters are.

What Is An Essay?

What Is An Essay? I can change he margins, improve the font point measurement or just choose a font that fits me wants for area. That is why nearly al assignments are done with word counts. Graduates of writing programs also pursue careers in enhancing, public relations, print journalism and broadcast journalism. Communications and media are various industries with quite a few occupational pathways for individuals who may be interested in writing, however not essentially writing careers. Examples vary from public relations to leisure. Learn more about a few of the potential employment choices to contemplate in the desk beneath. To assist them from getting caught and enhancing every sentence again and again as they write, they select a minimal variety of phrases they wish to write each day. These phrases will not be good and can probably need to be closely edited, however it gets the ideas down and keeps them from getting stuck on one area of their e-book. I common 240 handwritten words per faculty dominated sheet. I write longer words than most, so most of my pages have less phrases than the estimates on this web page. It works properly for me, however I know others who don’t do well with it. I think it depends a lot in your personality, but forcing myself to be consistent day in and day trip helps me get my books done. Without a daily word count, I would by no means complete them. What am I alleged to do if I write a thousand words, but it doesn’t make the number of pages I need? For those who are in search of a fundamental tough idea, this is helpful. I solely want to write down 250 phrases and also you don’t have how many pages that is on your record. Enrolling in a writing program whereas managing a busy schedule can be a challenge. Fortunately there are distance learning packages in writing that supply flexible scheduling. You should change them so they are more accurate for individuals who use longer vocabulary words. Depending on the style of guide you might be writing, word depend can be crucial in whether or not your writing can really be printed. Publishers like certain genres to be within sure word counts, so any writer who hopes to be published has to create their works inside these counts. Many authors use word count as a motivational software. I don’t assume I should have to write extra words simply because mine happen to be shorter than my classmates. We both wrote the identical variety of words, his are just longer so it takes up extra pages. That means individuals who write lengthy phrases have a bonus although long phrases aren’t always good to use. Things had been a lot easier again in the day when you could know precisely what number of pages 500 phrases would be. Now that it’s so easy to manipulate pages, they have no actual that means. Everyone is aware of how simple it's to manipulate pages that it’s the one means to make sure assignments are carried out correctly. Just as a result of an estimate won’t be precisely proper doesn’t imply it isn’t useful. I actually have a paper with ~2800 phrases and it is three strains previous the 4th page. Normally for online publishing in my view we now have to make use of 12 font dimension ,single spacing.therefore 500 phrases is one page. Aye how many phrases do I have to put if I’m typing a 14 web page essay. I agree that there are a lot of people who are overly concerned with word rely, but there are reliable reasons to maintain it in thoughts as well. If it’s not one thing necessary to you and your writing, you possibly can ignore it. Some of us get marked down points if we do not hit a certain word depend or web page rely. If I’m assigned a paper and it needs to be a minimal variety of phrases, I fear about hitting that quantity. Most of my professors require that we submit things online. This makes it really easy because the computer counts the variety of phrases for them. It is determined by how giant or small your letters are.

What Is An Essay?

What Is An Essay? I can change he margins, improve the font point measurement or just choose a font that fits me wants for area. That is why nearly al assignments are done with word counts. Graduates of writing programs also pursue careers in enhancing, public relations, print journalism and broadcast journalism. Communications and media are various industries with quite a few occupational pathways for individuals who may be interested in writing, however not essentially writing careers. Examples vary from public relations to leisure. Learn more about a few of the potential employment choices to contemplate in the desk beneath. To assist them from getting caught and enhancing every sentence again and again as they write, they select a minimal variety of phrases they wish to write each day. These phrases will not be good and can probably need to be closely edited, however it gets the ideas down and keeps them from getting stuck on one area of their e-book. I common 240 handwritten words per faculty dominated sheet. I write longer words than most, so most of my pages have less phrases than the estimates on this web page. It works properly for me, however I know others who don’t do well with it. I think it depends a lot in your personality, but forcing myself to be consistent day in and day trip helps me get my books done. Without a daily word count, I would by no means complete them. What am I alleged to do if I write a thousand words, but it doesn’t make the number of pages I need? For those who are in search of a fundamental tough idea, this is helpful. I solely want to write down 250 phrases and also you don’t have how many pages that is on your record. Enrolling in a writing program whereas managing a busy schedule can be a challenge. Fortunately there are distance learning packages in writing that supply flexible scheduling. You should change them so they are more accurate for individuals who use longer vocabulary words. Depending on the style of guide you might be writing, word depend can be crucial in whether or not your writing can really be printed. Publishers like certain genres to be within sure word counts, so any writer who hopes to be published has to create their works inside these counts. Many authors use word count as a motivational software. I don’t assume I should have to write extra words simply because mine happen to be shorter than my classmates. We both wrote the identical variety of words, his are just longer so it takes up extra pages. That means individuals who write lengthy phrases have a bonus although long phrases aren’t always good to use. Things had been a lot easier again in the day when you could know precisely what number of pages 500 phrases would be. Now that it’s so easy to manipulate pages, they have no actual that means. Everyone is aware of how simple it's to manipulate pages that it’s the one means to make sure assignments are carried out correctly. Just as a result of an estimate won’t be precisely proper doesn’t imply it isn’t useful. I actually have a paper with ~2800 phrases and it is three strains previous the 4th page. Normally for online publishing in my view we now have to make use of 12 font dimension ,single spacing.therefore 500 phrases is one page. Aye how many phrases do I have to put if I’m typing a 14 web page essay. I agree that there are a lot of people who are overly concerned with word rely, but there are reliable reasons to maintain it in thoughts as well. If it’s not one thing necessary to you and your writing, you possibly can ignore it. Some of us get marked down points if we do not hit a certain word depend or web page rely. If I’m assigned a paper and it needs to be a minimal variety of phrases, I fear about hitting that quantity. Most of my professors require that we submit things online. This makes it really easy because the computer counts the variety of phrases for them. It is determined by how giant or small your letters are.

What Is An Essay?

What Is An Essay? I can change he margins, improve the font point measurement or just choose a font that fits me wants for area. That is why nearly al assignments are done with word counts. Graduates of writing programs also pursue careers in enhancing, public relations, print journalism and broadcast journalism. Communications and media are various industries with quite a few occupational pathways for individuals who may be interested in writing, however not essentially writing careers. Examples vary from public relations to leisure. Learn more about a few of the potential employment choices to contemplate in the desk beneath. To assist them from getting caught and enhancing every sentence again and again as they write, they select a minimal variety of phrases they wish to write each day. These phrases will not be good and can probably need to be closely edited, however it gets the ideas down and keeps them from getting stuck on one area of their e-book. I common 240 handwritten words per faculty dominated sheet. I write longer words than most, so most of my pages have less phrases than the estimates on this web page. It works properly for me, however I know others who don’t do well with it. I think it depends a lot in your personality, but forcing myself to be consistent day in and day trip helps me get my books done. Without a daily word count, I would by no means complete them. What am I alleged to do if I write a thousand words, but it doesn’t make the number of pages I need? For those who are in search of a fundamental tough idea, this is helpful. I solely want to write down 250 phrases and also you don’t have how many pages that is on your record. Enrolling in a writing program whereas managing a busy schedule can be a challenge. Fortunately there are distance learning packages in writing that supply flexible scheduling. You should change them so they are more accurate for individuals who use longer vocabulary words. Depending on the style of guide you might be writing, word depend can be crucial in whether or not your writing can really be printed. Publishers like certain genres to be within sure word counts, so any writer who hopes to be published has to create their works inside these counts. Many authors use word count as a motivational software. I don’t assume I should have to write extra words simply because mine happen to be shorter than my classmates. We both wrote the identical variety of words, his are just longer so it takes up extra pages. That means individuals who write lengthy phrases have a bonus although long phrases aren’t always good to use. Things had been a lot easier again in the day when you could know precisely what number of pages 500 phrases would be. Now that it’s so easy to manipulate pages, they have no actual that means. Everyone is aware of how simple it's to manipulate pages that it’s the one means to make sure assignments are carried out correctly. Just as a result of an estimate won’t be precisely proper doesn’t imply it isn’t useful. I actually have a paper with ~2800 phrases and it is three strains previous the 4th page. Normally for online publishing in my view we now have to make use of 12 font dimension ,single spacing.therefore 500 phrases is one page. Aye how many phrases do I have to put if I’m typing a 14 web page essay. I agree that there are a lot of people who are overly concerned with word rely, but there are reliable reasons to maintain it in thoughts as well. If it’s not one thing necessary to you and your writing, you possibly can ignore it. Some of us get marked down points if we do not hit a certain word depend or web page rely. If I’m assigned a paper and it needs to be a minimal variety of phrases, I fear about hitting that quantity. Most of my professors require that we submit things online. This makes it really easy because the computer counts the variety of phrases for them. It is determined by how giant or small your letters are.

What Is An Essay?

What Is An Essay? I can change he margins, improve the font point measurement or just choose a font that fits me wants for area. That is why nearly al assignments are done with word counts. Graduates of writing programs also pursue careers in enhancing, public relations, print journalism and broadcast journalism. Communications and media are various industries with quite a few occupational pathways for individuals who may be interested in writing, however not essentially writing careers. Examples vary from public relations to leisure. Learn more about a few of the potential employment choices to contemplate in the desk beneath. To assist them from getting caught and enhancing every sentence again and again as they write, they select a minimal variety of phrases they wish to write each day. These phrases will not be good and can probably need to be closely edited, however it gets the ideas down and keeps them from getting stuck on one area of their e-book. I common 240 handwritten words per faculty dominated sheet. I write longer words than most, so most of my pages have less phrases than the estimates on this web page. It works properly for me, however I know others who don’t do well with it. I think it depends a lot in your personality, but forcing myself to be consistent day in and day trip helps me get my books done. Without a daily word count, I would by no means complete them. What am I alleged to do if I write a thousand words, but it doesn’t make the number of pages I need? For those who are in search of a fundamental tough idea, this is helpful. I solely want to write down 250 phrases and also you don’t have how many pages that is on your record. Enrolling in a writing program whereas managing a busy schedule can be a challenge. Fortunately there are distance learning packages in writing that supply flexible scheduling. You should change them so they are more accurate for individuals who use longer vocabulary words. Depending on the style of guide you might be writing, word depend can be crucial in whether or not your writing can really be printed. Publishers like certain genres to be within sure word counts, so any writer who hopes to be published has to create their works inside these counts. Many authors use word count as a motivational software. I don’t assume I should have to write extra words simply because mine happen to be shorter than my classmates. We both wrote the identical variety of words, his are just longer so it takes up extra pages. That means individuals who write lengthy phrases have a bonus although long phrases aren’t always good to use. Things had been a lot easier again in the day when you could know precisely what number of pages 500 phrases would be. Now that it’s so easy to manipulate pages, they have no actual that means. Everyone is aware of how simple it's to manipulate pages that it’s the one means to make sure assignments are carried out correctly. Just as a result of an estimate won’t be precisely proper doesn’t imply it isn’t useful. I actually have a paper with ~2800 phrases and it is three strains previous the 4th page. Normally for online publishing in my view we now have to make use of 12 font dimension ,single spacing.therefore 500 phrases is one page. Aye how many phrases do I have to put if I’m typing a 14 web page essay. I agree that there are a lot of people who are overly concerned with word rely, but there are reliable reasons to maintain it in thoughts as well. If it’s not one thing necessary to you and your writing, you possibly can ignore it. Some of us get marked down points if we do not hit a certain word depend or web page rely. If I’m assigned a paper and it needs to be a minimal variety of phrases, I fear about hitting that quantity. Most of my professors require that we submit things online. This makes it really easy because the computer counts the variety of phrases for them. It is determined by how giant or small your letters are.

Common Essay Topics For Online College Classes

Common Essay Topics For Online College ClassesAs the name suggests, an online college class essay topic can be devised for any situation that needs to be discussed on the internet. Although you might not have any need to try and write your own college class essay topic, you might just find the difficulty in writing and submitting them. The good news is that there are a number of resources available online that will provide you with the details on writing an essay topic. This article will be discussing a few of the most common areas you will encounter when creating an online college class essay topic.If you are struggling with your topic, don't feel discouraged, as this is a common occurrence when learning how to write a college essay. If you are attempting to research how to write an essay, remember that you are probably attempting to learn the basics of how to write an essay. These basic skills will come in handy when attempting to put your essay topics together. It is always import ant to remember that the best ideas have the most words, and that you should stick to a theme. If you have a clear theme to your essay topic, it will make it easier for you to find a coherent theme and frame your essay topic around it.Another area you might want to take into consideration when coming up with essay topics is the time of day that you submit your assignments. You may notice that you end up having a specific amount of time for each assignment. Each type of assignment will normally have a specific length, and you may want to do your homework by taking that into consideration when deciding what essay topic to write. The best way to use this time is to create a topic that covers all of the topics you are going to be discussing. If you can find a topic that covers all of the different topics that you will be discussing, it will make your work that much easier to write the essays that you need to write.The third thing to take into consideration when coming up with essay topi cs is whether or not the topic can be broken down into a series of short paragraphs. You may find that it is much easier to break your topic down into a series of paragraphs that are only about one or two sentences in length. You may find that you can create a very short essay by simply doing this. If you have enough time, you may also want to consider doing the same with your online college class essay topic.When considering essay topics, you might want to consider the subject of your assignment first. For example, if you are looking to write an essay on an ethical dilemma, it is likely that the main point of the essay will be to state your position on the matter. However, if you have more time to spare, you may also want to consider writing an essay about an ethical dilemma.One other important note when it comes to online college class essay topics is to think about the tone of your essay. Many writers tend to go for a less serious tone when composing essays. It is important to re member that your essays are for someone else to read, so you need to keep the tone of your essay light and easy to read.There are many areas that you will find online that will help you create essay topics that will be beneficial to your academic goals. Whether you are taking a course for the first time or if you are returning to school, it is possible to come up with a number of topics that you will enjoy writing.

Interesting Facts About the Cave Bear

Creative Writing The Preparation to Build a Time Machine

The man with the black briefcase walked briskly towards the meeting room, prepared to discuss an hour and a half on his soon-to-be time machine at the seminar. There had been many talks on constructing one, yet no one had tried or began. No one had the resources he had or the skills and dedication he had. He had started working and planning on it three hours to four hours because he believed he could do it and that he would do it. David Sanchez’s supervisors and other executive directors waited patiently as he began setting up. â€Å"You all know I am trying to bend space-time. To conquer what time meant for one of the most famous scientists of all time, Einstein, the fourth dimension. But I wish to take one step further. We, my team of scientists and I have found out it can be possible to travel time, ladies and gentlemen, without exotic matter,† Sanchez said, walking on the stage, staring sharply at his audience. â€Å"So far, we have understood that in order to do so, we must travel faster than the speed of light. Before we construct the machine, however, we also need to understand time. Astronomer Carl Sagan believes time is ‘resistant to a simple definition.’ This means, time cannot be explained just by the tick of the hand on our watches and clocks, nor can it be defined by seasons and sunrises. We must understand that time is so much more complex, that it cannot exist without space and vice versa. This is a space- time continuum.† * * * In the laboratory of theShow MoreRelatedStem Of The Technology Classroom1512 Words   |  7 Pagespotential for this new pedagogical model and the positive influence it will have to unite inter faculty teachers as well as giving students real world examples of traditionally vague or difficult to grasp concepts such such as algebra in maths or report writing in science and English. As the digital age pushes the technological boundaries at an unprecedented rate, traditional pedagogy is struggling to keep up with the demands of present and future industrial needs and career possibilities. STEM is readyRead MoreSoftware Engineering Group Project Individual Report2606 Words   |  11 Pagesimplementation, which had the advantages of easier accessibility and maintenance. After getting the GUI design from my teammates, I integrated the java scripts which contain the functionalities of the system to the web pages and launched them to the UNIX machine so as to make it available to the public. As the website was setup under my UNIX account, I also took the obligation of system maintenance. Whenever the system came across problems, I should detect them and then amend the system. In addition to codingRead MoreE-Sonic4898 Words   |  20 Pagesbillion in revenue five years ago. However, times have changed over the past five years; technology has greatly improved over tim e. There have been many technological advances that has offered alternatives to CDs. The one thing that has improved the industry some is the government regulations against pirating music, which is essentially stealing the merchandise. 2. E-Sonic’s competition is pretty fierce as the market has been going for quite some time now. It kind of goes along with, don’t reinventRead MoreEssay on Coaching in the Workplace1891 Words   |  8 Pagesproductive workforce. Knowing an employee’s likes and dislikes will allow the coach to set up clear standards and expectations. Gaining these intrapersonal skills is essential in gaining trust and respect from the employee. Allowing the employee to use creative and critical thinking, as opposed to directing them in every move they make will allow them to feel like they are a vital part of the team and that they have a sense of job stability. Setting the ground rules from the start is essential in coachingRead MoreFreedom Road By Howard Fast Essay1764 Words   |  8 PagesFast has written many novels including Citizen Tom Paine, Spartacus and April Morning. Fast’s career was a bit controversial because of his affiliation with the Communist Party USA and his time spent incarcerated because of this affiliation. This did not deter Fast from utilizing his creative abilities in writing novels. He wrote his most famous novel Spartacus while incarcerated. Howard Fast died on March12, 2003. Freedom Road follows the life of a former slave named Gideon Jackson during theRead MoreEDPM CSEC15093 Words   |  61 PagesCARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL Caribbean Secondary Education Certificate ® CSEC  ® ELECTRONIC DOCUMENT PREPARATION AND MANAGEMENT SYLLABUS Effective for examinations from May-June 2014 CXC 34/G/SYLL 12 Published by the Caribbean Examinations Council All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means electronic, photocopying, recording or otherwise without prior permission of the author or publisher. CorrespondenceRead MoreDTTLS Assignments5208 Words   |  21 Pageswhere literacy rates were higher. 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Diary Form Narrative in Dracula free essay sample

The Irish author, Bram Stoker, was a creative and intellectual writer, and as such, wrote the gothic novel Dracula in the diary form of narrative. This was a good choice of how to write the novel since it was very beneficial to the plot of Dracula. Examples of how the diary form is beneficial to Dracula are seen in his writing and book, as I will now commence in telling you. One of the greatest benefits of the diary narrative is that the reader is allowed see, and feel the emotional hearts and souls of the emotional characters. This is great because when a character is not feeling too great and is hiding something, the reader knows this, and therefore the reader knows everything that is happening; nothing is being hidden from the reader. An example of this happening is when Mina is at the insane asylum and is worried sick about something happening to Jonathan Harper. We will write a custom essay sample on Diary Form Narrative in Dracula or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Mina hides all that she feels when Jonathan Harper is near her. All that Mina is feeling is written by her, and what, how she is feeling is ready for a reader to examine because they are able to see her diary. If Minas diary was not open to the reader, or if someone was telling of what he or she saw, the observation could be false and the reader would lose valuable information that would be valuable to the whole plot of the book. Some things that can be noticed about the diary form are that different views of the same thing can be expressed by many different people; all in first person view. Then, along with that, there are extensive and very detailed descriptions about a thing, or person that is being described. In the novel, this is seen as Jonathan Harper is traveling and he describes almost everything, he does, eat, sees, etc. Another use of the diary form is that Bram Stoker can have people talk to themselves. So if the person who is writing in his or her diary, that person can make notes to themselves, writing I must ask the Count about this. So by talking to themselves in this manner, he is writing it down and they do not in any way make it so that they seem strange in front of public. The good thing about using the diary to write is that it can be used interchangeably with periodicals and letters being written or read by a person. In the same way as in a diary, extensive descriptions and large emotional feelings can be expressed and felt by the reader. Also, during the usage of letters, two people conversing will and can be written out in dialog form; because of this, the two people, while talking, will not have to switch tenses after a couple of sentences. When the newspaper form is used, the reader can see what is happening and will be able to think for themselves and they will not have to have the book, or someone in the book explain what they are reading to them. So in other words, if a newspaper is written in the book, the reader will have the freedom to think, derive, and draw their own conclusions from the article being read. When the diary form is used, many things can go on at once. So one person can be talking or writing about something, and then someone else can also be telling about what is happening somewhere else. An example is where Mina finishes writing a journal entry and then all of a sudden, a new story of Dr. Van Helsing and his patient comes in through a new start of a diary. A great thing that is controlled wonderfully with the diary form is time. Time, which normally cannot be changed or moved around, can be taken back through time for things that need to happen when the diary form of narrative is used. For instance, after Lucy had written what was happening to her when her mother passed away, the story went back in time for another important matter to take place. When, there are different people of different places, they can be identified by how they act and how they talk. If, Bram Stoker did not use the diary form narrative, this would not be possible because if one person was telling the whole story, the reader would see and hear what the person telling the story heard and wrote down. So using, the diary, Bram Stoker could make the reader see exactly how a person was talking and acting through the written dialects. In the novel Dracula, all the diaries, of all the individuals come together and in the end, become one powerful, combination of descriptions, facts, that represents a group as a whole and the reader can feel as if they are part of the group and read, and think along with the characters. Yet another thing dealing with the diary form is quick referencing. The reader, if needed, can easily flip back through the book to look for something that he needs or wants. The diary form is great! It lets a reader feel, and see how characters interpret things themselves. The form lets dialogues take place, it lets many people altogether tell a story in first person, and it lets a reader be able to see densely detailed scenes through a person that isnt being a fool talking to him or her self. The diary form of narrative is basically a form of writing that lets a huge possibility of good ways to write into a good book.

Struck by a Car free essay sample

Evaluate a significant experience, achievement, risk you have taken, or ethical dilemma you have faced and its impact on you? To forget about that warm autumn night of my sophomore year can be considered an insurmountable task. A night filled with pain, anguish, yet a glimpse of hope. To me, that night was the turning point of my life. It all began after I was dropped off on a main street in my town, not two hundred feet from a friends house. I dashed across the street as I had done countless times prior. In just one second the familiar sounds of Norwood were obscured by screeching brakes and an ominous thump. Denial immediately began to flow through my thoughts and veins as there no way that I had just been struck by a car. My next coherent memory was that of being dropped off at the hospital by the driver of the automobile who promised to meet me inside. We will write a custom essay sample on Struck by a Car or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He never did. At the emergency room, my brother and mother described me as a â€Å"bloody mess†. A long and arduous night lay ahead for me and my family. Numerous tests conducted. X-rays taken. Suturing of open wounds. A gentle cleansing of the crimson hue that covered my head and chest. Four hours later, the final physical toll upon my body was that of ten stitches to my head, serious abrasions to my back and a hobbled right leg. My mobility had become similar to that of an eighty year old man. Although the accident created physical injuries, it was an epiphany, altering my view of life beyond my years. Instead of seeing death as an abstract idea, it became apparent to me that such an event, even to someone so young, could occur with just one misstep. Death had come too close to knocking on my door that night. Tears of happiness, love and glee were once again found after being lost through years of apathy. A newfound appreciation and love for my family and friends developed after realizing that the accident could have torn me away from them for an eternity. Their devotion and influence became the key factor into molding me into the man I am today. They became the most important part of my life as every moment spent with them was cherished. Without them by my side, depression and hopelessness could have resulted from the accident. Instead, my once strong pessimistic views were transformed to both realism and optimism. I no longer saw my mother in a condescending and hostile manner. My future evolved from short-term, teenage goals to a pursuit of gaining a true and deep appreciation of who I am and who I wish to become. My original cautious self was transformed into an open, articulate and dynamic individual. Who am I? The one question that has fascinated each of us at some point in our lives. It is now with pure conviction, as a result of the accident; I may say I am one step closer to solving that worldwide perplexity. Ironically, a close to death experience can account for my rebirth into a more rounded, mature individual. Death allows one to live as they wish and not by other’s desires.

Human Nature, Examples from Macbeth

Human Nature, Examples from Macbeth Free Online Research Papers Life is a reality that forces individuals to choose between right and wrong. Decisions are made to have a lasting effect that decides the outcome of a person’s future. Macbeth has a great deal of trouble deciding the difference between moral and immoral decisions during his rise to power. Macbeth’s character experienced a string of questionable decisions that consequently led to his dethroning. First, Macbeth became engulfed in greed and would stop at nothing to obtain what he felt was his own. Next, he displayed disloyalty towards his friends and superiors while trying to reach his goals. Finally, Macbeth exhibited gullibility. These three traits are what ultimately led to the downfall of Macbeth, not only as a king, but also his life. Macbeth first displayed his greediness after his first conversation with the three witches. The witches spoke to Macbeth and provided him with a glimpse into the future. This small act awakened the greed that Macbeth had always possessed. Macbeth then felt he deserved to be crowned king and stopped at nothing to fulfill his goals. This is the first sign that Macbeth’s character is losing control of reality. Macbeth also exhibited greed after he honorably received the title of Thane of Cawdor. However, he was still not satisfied, and craved more power. Therefore, Macbeth plotted to kill his best friend Banquo, and his son Fleance just to further ensure his prophecy to become king. For example, in the quote, â€Å"Upon my head they placed a fruitless crown, And put a barren sceptre in my gripe, Thence to be wrenchd with an unlineal hand, No son of mine succeeding,† Macbeth exhibits greed and jealousy. He trusts the witches’ prophecy saying Banquo’s children will become kings, thus he believes he must kill Banquo and Fleance to secure the throne. Macbeth’s greed began to cloud his mind even more when he planned the murders of Macduff’s innocent wife and children. Macbeth’s greed began controlling his life, and forced him to make rash decisions. This ultimately exposed his evil ways and he was killed because of it. Disloyalty is the second character flaw Macbeth exhibits. Macbeth displays this when he murders his king and longtime friend, Duncan. Macbeth does not comprehend his actions anymore. He felt no fear or remorse for this murder; his only concerns were his safety and well being. For instance, in Act 2, Scene 1, Macbeth says, â€Å"The bell invites me. Hear it not, Duncan; for it is a knell that summons thee to heaven or to hell.† In this scene, Macbeth is about to kill Duncan, which paves the way for his future disloyalties. This murder was a stepping stone for Macbeth’s future plans. Once Macbeth had murdered Duncan he underwent a transformation from a realistic, loyal commander to a fantasy living, traitor. This act drove a wedge between many people and Macbeth. These were the same people that would eventually drive him from power. Macbeth’s second act of disloyalty occurs when he murders his best friend and fellow commander Banquo. Banquo had suspicions that Macb eth’s plans were not honorable, so Macbeth became frightened. Macbeth then came to the decision to eliminate who he though was his adversary, but was really his friend. Macbeth accomplished this feat, and reached a new low point where friends and loyalty were meaningless. Finally, the third character flaw Macbeth revealed was gullibility. Macbeth allowed himself to believe the first series of premonitions the witches gave him. Macbeth felt that it was the witches who gave him this good fortune and not fate. However, Macbeth did not realize that he was already the Thane of Cawdor before he even spoke to the witches. Macbeth fully believed the witches were sources of good fortune. This causes Macbeth to lose all belief in the natural order of events, leaving him alone and friendless. Macbeth also displayed gullibility when he made himself feel invincible after the witches gave him the second series of premonitions. The three witches convinced Macbeth that a son born of a woman could not kill him. However, Macbeth would end up being killed by a son pulled from his mother’s dead womb. This exposed a loophole in the assurance the witches gave Macbeth that lead to his death. Macbeth allowed his goals and wants to control his life and this ultimately led to his downfall. Macbeth’s mind became so clouded he did not realize how greedy, disloyal and gullible he had become. His greed controlled his life and forced him to only concentrate on his desires. Macbeth’s did not understand the meaning of loyalty anymore, because he murdered his friends with no remorse. Finally, if Macbeth had a better grip on reality he would not have been taken in by the witches and lost his head. These three flaws along with other circumstances ultimately led to his downfall and death. Research Papers on Human Nature, Examples from MacbethCapital PunishmentComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoBringing Democracy to AfricaAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeHonest Iagos Truth through Deception19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenWhere Wild and West MeetAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2

Any subject in the criminal justce systre Essay

Any subject in the criminal justce systre - Essay Example Investigation usually marks the first step for a criminal case. The police usually perform this. In this regard, when a person is accused of offense, the police are usually required to carry out investigation to gather enough evidence, among them identifying the suspect in order to support an arrest. For instance, when an individual is confronted with robbers, the victim is usually required to report the matter to the law enforcement officers, who will then begin investigation based on the information provided by the victim (Burns, 2006). Search Warrant Usually, when the investigation officers are satisfied that there is probable cause for a crime, the law enforcement officers are required to seek for a search warrant, which permits them to search the premises. A probable cause in this case referred to the standard of proof indicating that there are enough facts on the ground showing that there is enough evidence of a criminal activity in a given place. Judges usually issue the search warrant, when they are satisfied that there is indeed probable cause. This implies that if the law enforcement officers fail to show enough evidence, then the police officer may be denied the right to carry out the search. However, a search warrant may not be needed under emergencies usually referred to as exigent ‘circumstances’ (Neubauer, and Fradella, 2010). During a search, the officers may interrogate witnesses, who might have been at the scene of the alleged crime

Corporate Goverance Concept Worksheet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Corporate Goverance Concept Worksheet - Essay Example The companies have different expectation that can lead to conflicts because of their interests and gains (Minnow & Monk, 2002). The equity issue involves division of company’s ownership. This helps in the companies gain from the increase in profits and wide market. This means that both companies will gain from the investment (Minnow & Monk, 2002). McBride finance services company has an intention to remain in control of the company even after selling majority shares to Beltway investment company. A clear illustration of this is that the chief executive has influence in the selection of the board of directors. As Beltway gives the company freedom to select the directors, Mc Bride ensures that it influences the selection. The board comprises of the people it can influence to make decisions favoring McBride company. The scenario creates conflict of interest, which was not brought out during negotiations. The conflict of interest will create a hostile working relationship between the two companies. The reason behind this is the win-lose situation created by the company. Beltway wants a fair selection of the board (Tricker, 2009). Control involves running of the company activities and who is in charge. The control of the company should be in the best way possible. The selection of the board should be on merit not on other hidden agendas. Fair selection and freedom to managers will help in running the company affairs to achieving its objectives and goals to the maximum (Tricker, 2009). Beltway company did not identify Mc Bride’s intention in its issue. Mc Bride company does not intend to let Beltway know the real, financial position. The company does this through tampering with financial documents. The company also does not comply with Sarbanes-Oxley act of corporate responsibility of financial reporting (Greene, Silverman & Becker, 2003). The company aims at using internal controls to hide

Trouble in Paradise with Comments Essay Example for Free

Trouble in Paradise with Comments Essay Company joint venture in China is one of the regions shining success stories. So why is generai manager Mike Gravesthinking about pulling the plug on it? ROM Mike Gravess tall windows, which were draped in red veivet, the view of Shanghai was spectacular: the stately old Western-style buildings, the riot of modem skyscrapers, the familiar needle of the TV tower. But today Mike barely noticed it. Clenching a copy of his Chinese partners proposal for another acquisition it would be the companys fourth he paced the floor and replayed in his mind that mornings unsettling phone call. He had called his boss. Bill Windier, at headquarters in Ohio, hoping to get a nice quote to inject into the brief remarks he was to make at that days banquet celebrating the joint ventures tenth anniversary. But as he gave Windier a quick rundown of what he intended to say mostly about the joint ventures progress toward world-class qualityMike could sense his bosss growing frustration. Aboutfiveminutes into the call. Windier cut Mike off in midsentence. saying,Dont throw your shoulder out patting yourself on the back. Windier reminded Mike about the margins he was looking for across all of Heartland Spindles businesses. A 4% ROI is pathetic, Windier said. Weve been in there ten years, Mike. The numbers shouid look better by now. He said he was looking for a 20% ROI, adding that such a number could surely be achieved through greater efficiency and more automation. And in Windlers view, the company had at least 1,200 employees too many. That needs to be fixed, fast, he said. Mike knew his boss wouldnt take no for an answer, but he had also learned that his Chinese partners would never agree to drastic moves such as the layoffs suggested by Windier. It was beginning to look as though the five good years he had spent here as general manager might be destined to come to a pairrful end. Mike couldnt help but HBRs cases, which arefictional,present common managerial dilemmas and offer concrete solutions from experts. A CHANGED WORLD AUGUST 2003 H B R CASE STUDY †¢ T r o u b l e in P a r a d i s e wonder if those harsh v^ords from Ohio were a warning that his contract might not be renewed in six months. Then, to top things off, just as Mike had extricated himself from the phone conversation, this latest acquisition proposal had arrived from deputy general manager Qinlin Li. The top executive on the Chinese side of the joint venture, Qinlin had been with the JV since its inception. As before, there would be almost irresistible pressure to go along with the deal. The Chinese side would make it clear yet again that the delicate partnership depended on Mikes support for continuous expansion and protection of jobs. The timing couldnt have been worse: The last thing Windier would want was more growth initiatives eating into the profits. A knock on the heavy teak door snapped him out of his musings. Feng Chen, Mikes assistant and translator, informed him that his car was waiting. nior executives, Qinllns immediate subordinates, stood up and nodded their greetings. There was a burst of excited applause, and cameras flashed. Qinlin was accompanying three important government officials into the room. They approached Mikes table and politely bickered for several minutes over who should enjoy the most prominent seat at the table, as required by Chinese custom. At last, the eldest and most highly placed official accepted the seat of honor. Qinlin stepped up to the podium, above which hung a huge Chinese knot of red silk, the symbol of cooperation. There was an expectant hush as he tapped the microphone. Ladies and gentlemen Qinlin began,thank you for joining me to celebrate the tenth anniversary of Zhong-Lian Knitting Company Limited. Those who were vwith the company at the beginning remember the hardships we endured and the hard work we put in. Since the establishment of Zhong-Lian as a 50/50 joint venture between Suzhou First Textile Company and our U. S. partner. Heartland Spindle Company, Zhong-Lian has faced many difficulties and obstacles. But we succeeded Mike was listening to the translators words, but he could hear the passion in Qinlins voice. We turned a money-losing company into a money-making company, and we made great headway as a result of support from our government, efforts on the part of both parent companies, and all our managers and employees. Mike hadnt been there during the early days, but he knew the stories. He was the fourth GM sent by Heartland in ten years. His two most recent pre- Enhance Friendly Cooperation As the car pulled up outside the ShangriLa Hotel, Mike forced himself to smile at the red carpet lined with dozens of lavish flower baskets sent by local government officials, business partners, suppliers, customers, and even competitors. A marching band in full uniform stood at the hotel entrance, and above it stretched a bright red banner that said, in Chinese and English: Enhance Friendly Cooperation and Ensure Mutual Growth and Celebrate the Tenth Anniversary of Zhong-Lian Knitting Co. Ltd. Mike exchanged greetings with Qinlin, who had been there for an hour already and was still seeing to last-minute details. In the ballroom, an elegant young woman in a red silk qi-pao, a traditional dress for formal celebrations, escorted Mike to the round table that was front and center. Tvo Chinese se- Katherine Xin is a professor of management and holds the Micheiin Chair in Leadership and Human Resource Management at China Europe International Business School (CEIBS) in Shanghai; she is also the editor in chief of HBR China. Vladimir Pucik is a professor ofinternational human resources and strategy at the International Institute for Management Development (lMD) in Lausanne, Switzerland. 28 decessors had left before their threeyear assignments were complete, one for family reasons his wife couldnt adapt to China-and the other for a better job offer (allegedly). Mike, a veteran manager with 20 years of international experience, had lived and worked in Japan, Hong Kong, and Australia before Heartland sent him to Shanghai. Mikes toughest challenge at tbe outset was the language barrier. He wouldnt have survived without Feng Chens help. It didnt take long for Mike to learn what cha-bu-duo meant: almost okay. He hated that word! It was baffling to him: Even though his Chinese partners were intelligent and willing to work hard, they werent exactly obsessed with quality. They cut corners and hardly ever followed operating procedures to HARVARD BUSINESS REVIEW Trouble in Paradise †¢ H B R CASE S T U D Y It didnt make sense to him until months later, when Mike heard someone say, Keeping silent in a group is safer. You wont get in trouble if you dont do anything. But you will get in trouble if you make a mistake. We are experienced under this system, and we know how it works. At any rate, Mike was relieved when the equipment was set up even though it took two years and outside pressure from the provincial Environment Protection Bureau to make it happen. There was another burst of applause. Qinlins voice reverberated through the room. We have acquired three moneylosing state-owned enterprises and managed to earn an annual profit of between 5% and 6%, he said. The number of employees increased from 400 to 2,300 in the past decade. Given the slump of the textile industry in these years, Zhong-Lians achievement is remarkable. In the coming years, we will further enhance the company and maintain our growth momentum. Qinlin paused, and his eyes sparkled. Let me tell you another piece of good news, he said. We are preparing our fourth acquisition, which is expected to raise our production capacity by 40%. The number of our employees will grow to nearly 3gt;5oo. And all this will help us launch our next initiative: building our own national brand. An elegant young woman in a silk qi-pao escorted Mike What little appetite Mike had for the celebration vanished. He had long been to his table. But he was preoccupied by the Chinese executives trying to quash that kind of talk. Heartplans and what they would mean for profitability. land, he knew, would never support launching an apparel brand that would the letter. Buttons often fell off sweat- sewage disposal three months after he eat up resources and limit profits for ers before the garments were even started (he was astonished that his Chi- years. Qinlin knows this well, Mike shipped out of the factory. Cha-bu-duo nese partner hadnt updated it already), thought, so why is he raising expectais why Mike insisted on introducing his counterparts said, Okay, yan-jiu- tions in such a public way? Total Quality Management to Zhong- yan-jiu. Tvo months later, after Mikes Qinlin thanked the vice mayor and Lian and TQM was probably why the repeated prodding, the proposal made the other government officials without jV had been so successful. Mike had also it onto a meeting agenda. But at the whose wise supervision, in his effusive felt a small sense of satisfaction when meeting, the Chinese managers seemed words, the joint venture would not have he taught his Chinese colleagues a new reluctant to discuss the matter, and no made such great progress. The vice term: Six Sigma. one wanted to assume responsibility for mayor rose to speak and returned the Cha-bu-duo wasnt the only expres- solving the problem. When Mike asked compliments, praising Zhong-Lians consion Mike heard all too often. He also managers for feedback individually, tribution to the local economy esquickly got used ioyan-Jiu-yan-Jiu, which they all had ideas, many of them excel- pecially to maintaining employment means Lets review and discuss. When lent. He couldnt imagine why the man- levels and calling the joint venture a he proposed a new system to deal with agers hadnt spoken up at the meeting. flagship among the citys enterprises. A CHANGED WORLD AUGUST 200^1 H B R CASE S T U D Y †¢ Trouble in Paradise When it was Mikes turn, he too voiced the expected praise for the officials it was a ritual whose airy forms and steely seriousness had become almost second nature to him. But throughout his little speech, he felt he was hardly doing more than going through the motions. He was preoccupied by Qinlins plans and what they would mean for profitability. Later, the lazy Susan at each table was filled with eight cold dishes, eight hot dishes, and two showpiece dishes: a whole suckling pig and a whole braised mandarin fish in the shape of a squirrel. Qinlin, as the host of his table, proposed hildrens education at Concordia International School (the best in Shanghai). Life here was easy and comfortable a world away from what it would have been like back in Ohio. But Mikes tension returned when he thought about his meeting the next morning with the people at Hua-Ying, the potential acquisition. He wouldnt be living in Green Villa much longer if he signed off on that deal. Over dinner, Mike told Linda about the conversation with Windier. Dont they understand that the Chinese way of doing business is different from the American way? Linda asked create another one: Many jobs would disappear. The Chinese partners were much more concemed with creating jobs and keeping govemment ofificiaJs happy than with improving quality. They wanted to keep growing into new provinces and buying up unprofitable companies, even if turning them around took years. But expansion would require significant additional resources that Heartland Spindle clearly wasnt ready to commit. And now there would be pressure to create a new company to market a national brand, again a drain on cash. So what do you think youre going to do? Linda asked. Im meeting with executives from Hua-Ying tomorrow morning. Maybe theyll surprise me with an operation that wont take forever to turn aroundthatd be the best case, Mike said. After that, Ill have to talk to Qinlin and the others about Heartlands concerns. But I know how that conversation will play out. Theyll say Heartland is being shortsighted and that the JVs history of turning around money-losing businesses should prove that we just need to be more patient. I wish Bill and the rest back in the States had a better understanding of how things work here. I was skeptical myself at the beginning. Remember when wefirstgot here and 1 was fuming at the business expenses? Seemed like every executive on the payroll was wining and dining some key partner or contact. And Robert OReilly, our controller, came to me shouting that our Chinese partner spent money like water. But, gradually, we both figured out that those expenses were paying off for us. The Chinese ritual of sharing food-nurturing ^i/anx(-is so powerful in making deals that it became one of our hidden assets. Im afraid we wont get those kinds of results if we focus only on cutting costs and laying off workers, as Ohio wants us to do. Life here was easy and comfortable-a world awayfrom what it was like back in Ohio. But Mike knew he wouldnt be here much longer if he signed off on that acquisition deal. a toast. Then he emptied his glass as a sign of his sincerity and joy. Glasses clinked; champagne and Coke bubbled. But Mike had become so attuned to the subtleties of these gatherings that he immediately noticed the response of the officials: Instead of emptying their glasses, they merely took sips. Mike supposed that they must have heard about his opposition, muted though it had been, to the expansion ideas. him sympathetically. Its not all about squeezingthe most out of your workers here. They value stability and long-term employment. Youd think Heartland wouldVe been prepared for this sort of performance. Its not like youre losing money, like so many JVs here do. Just last week on the course, Christie and Maya told me that their husbands businesses hadnt turned a profit yet I know, but that doesnt seem to be good enough any more, Mike said. He recounted Bills suggestions about layoffs and investing in more automated equipment. He knew that he would soon have to broach these subjects with his Chinese partners. Mikes biggest problem was that he could see both sides. Heartland wanted to reposition itself in the U. S. arketselling at discount stores wasnt profitable enough. But to enable Heartland to make the jump to high-end retailers, the joint venture would have to meet much higher standards of quality. Those old dyeing machines, for instance, would have to go; they had cost the company a lot of money over the last few years, not just in shipping and handling charges for returned products but also in terms of the companys reputation. New machines would fix that problem, but theyd Living in Style sitting in the backseat of the company car, Mike felt his tension ease when his driver, Lao Li, turned into his neighborhood. The car slipped by a row of cypresses and passed a perfectly manicured golf course. Designed in European country style, the elegant Green Villa was an ideal residence for expatriates. Mike loved this village its extensive recreational amenities, itsfirst-classservice. At very little cost, for example, Mikes family had hired a live-in domestic helper who happened to be a superior cook. His wife, Linda, played golf three times a week with her friends in the village, and she had recently taken up yoga. The company paid $7,800 a month to rent the familys home; it also paid for a chauffeur, a nanny, and the PowerPoint and Green Tea The chief executive of Hua-Ying, Genfa Wang, sent his own limousine to pick up Mike and Qinlin as a symbol of his HARVARD BUSINESS REVIEW 30 Trouble in Paradise †¢ H B R CASE S T U D Y sincerity and hospitality. Genfa and his top managers were waiting at the gate when the car pulled up, and one of the men stepped forward to open the car door. Genfa greeted Mike, Qinlin, and Feng Chen with,My honor! IVlyhonor! It is a great pleasure to have you here with us. Thefirstbuilding they entered looked fairly clean, but the conference room carpet was pocked with cigarette bums. Not exactly a high-class operation, Mike thought. Up on the third floor, there was a disagreeable odor-no flush. He could just imagine the state of the plumbing. And hadnt leaky pipes been responsible for the initial spread of SARS into cities in Hong Kong? He was sure he had read something like that. His unease grew. What other hidden risks were lurking in this facility? There was no way he was going to be able to agree to this acquisition, he thought. But he was pleasantly surprised to see seven cups of Bi Luo Chun tea, one of the best Chinese green teas, on an ele- ant redwood table. And a minute later, Genfa pulled out a laptop and began making his presentation using PowerPoint slides. Mike was shocked. He hadnt expected such sophistication from a company this size, especially a company that seemed to lack modem sanitary facilities. Genfa, sensing Mikes reaction, said proudly,My nephew gave me training on this high-tech stuff. He is a college graduate, a vice GM of our company in charge of technology and engineering. Great, Mike thought with exasperation. There were probably a few relatives on the board, too. But his mood swung back during Genfas 40-nunute presentation as the CEO spoke precisely and clearly about the numbers-it was obvious he was shrewd about the market. Mike was intrigued. At the second building, his earlier impressions were reinforced: The machines in here looked old and shabby. Some workers were busy, but others were idly waiting for a product deliv- ery. Bales of goods were stacked high in one comer, and Mike stumbled over a box as he picked his way through the dim light. When he noticed that the record sheets on the desk and walls were handwritten, his heart sank: So much for high tech. On his way home that night in his own companys car, Mike gazed out the window, trying to figure out what to do next. Should he recommend the acquisition to Bill? Should he propose rejecting the deal and thus probably bring an end to the partnership? The idea of buying out the JV had occurred to him, but it clearly wouldnt work, not with the Chinese partner dreaming of a national brand. When the Audi came to a stop outside Mikes house, he hadnt reached any conclusions. He knew he was going to have another sleepless night at Green Villa. Can Mike keep the joint venture from unraveling? Four commentators offer expert advice. Right now, youre reading about the newest Spend a few weeks with us, and youll be creating Ready to find your edge in the world of business? Executive Education programs at The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hills Kenan-Flagler Business School provide you witfi skills that quickly translate to your everyday work environment from creative problem-solving to d eveloping globally competitive strategies. The following General Management Programs ate now enrolling: CALL TODAY FOR A GENERAL MANAGEMENT BROCHURE. Executive Development Institute {EDI) Senior Executives Institute (SEI) Global Executives Institute (GEI) PUT YOUR CAREER ON THE FA5T TRACK. Call 1-919-962-1531 or visit www. exed. uncedu/gm today to receive a brochure outlining our open enrollment and custom program offerings. UNC Business. Shaping leaders, driving resulU. UNC KCNANFLAGLER H B R CASE C O M M E N T A R Y †¢ Can Mike Keep the Joint Venture from Unraveling? Mike must reach out to political officials and understand their goals. I cannot overstress how crucial relationships are in China. M I ike Craves needs to do four things, and quickly. First, he needs to develop a clearer vision of Heartland Spindles-and its partners-strategic goals in China, Second, he needs to assemble a much stronger team for the company. Third, he needs to consider alternatives to the traditional 50/50 joint venture. And, finally, he needs to move outside his personal comfort zone as a manager. The lack of a clear, shared strategy is the most glaring problem in this case. Is Heartland chiefly interested in China as a low-cost production baseforU. S, exports? Or is it hoping to win a share ofthe domestic market? If so, which segment is Heartland focusing o n a n d based on what competitive edge? Without a clear strategy, its impossible to choose the right structure for and extent of cooperation with a foreign partner. Conversely, when your intent is clear and reasonable, you can get past a surprising number of obstacles. When Michelin started discussions in Shanghai with Chinas largest tire manufacturer, we were clear that we intended to develop a major center there for the world tire industry and that we would therefore have to bring our best technology. To protect that technology, we would need control ofthe venture, which initially seemed impossible to achieve from a legal standpoint. As it turned out, we got control because the municipality shared the goal and recognized the necessity. Perhaps there once was a clear strategy that has been forgotten overthe course often years and several changes in management. Mike should study the contracts and, more important, have discussions with the original sponsors ofthe deal. If he can learnthe initial intentions, he might find a positive starting point for rebuilding a spirit of cooperation vwith his partner. This brings me to my second point: the importance of mobilizing a team of people to further the JVs strategy. Political officials are going to be a big part ofthat team; they have a stronger influence on economic life in China than Mike might realize. He must reach out to them and understand their goals. It is not a matter of good dinners and dubious expenses left to the Chinese staff. Success will depend on the personal involvement of top executives. I cannot overstress how crucial relationships are in China, Only when individuals know and understand each other can they develop the level of cooperation required for success, Mike should convince his boss to be the one who owns the relationship with a key officiai-the vice mayor, say. Yes, this will add a layer of complexity, but success in China is as much about time as it is about money. This is the most important fact for Mike to impress upon the leadership back at headquarters. Our CEO, Edouard Michelin, is in the habit of coming to China two or three times a year, with a flexible agenda, and that does a great deal to develop and support our operations here. Mike also needs to think creatively about alternatives to the traditional 50/50 joint venture. For instance, if Heartland Spindle is focused on exports and profitability, it might make more sense to have a minority share in the venture. Heartland would bring knowhow to the table and would purchase the export production, leaving the Chinese partner to manage productivity and profit levels. That would protect Heartlands margins and reduce its investment, yielding a higher return on assets. The point is that this situation might require a creative solution, and that brings me to my final concern. Mike needs to move out of his comfort zone and learn to strategize and negotiate in a highly dynamic environment. He should be the one taking the initiative, not reacting in surprise to the ideas and actions of others. Ericjugieris the chairman ofMichelin (China) Investment in Shanghai. 32 HARVARD BUSINESS REVIEW Can Mike Keep the Joint Venture from Unraveling? †¢ H B R CASE COMMENTARY I ts never easy making joint ventures work, especially when the strategic objectives of the partners diverge. Zhong-Lian Knitting has had a very successful ten years, during which the partners have been able to work out their differences. But this jV may well have outlived its usefulness. land Spindle is focused on short-to mediumterm financial returns and on transforming Zhong-Lian into a high-quality manufacturer. No amount of discussion is going to reconcile their differences. If he concludes that the status quo is not viable, Mike must ask himself a second question: How can he restructure or exit the JV in a way that makes sense for Heartland? To answer, he must take into account any termination or exit clauses in the joint venture agreement He must also determine whether Heartland needs to have an ownership interest in the JV to continue the commercial relationship with it and whether Suzhou is financially able to buyout Heartlands interest in the JV Mike would be well advised to investigate several options in parallel. They could include selling some or all of Heartlands interest to Suzhou. A phased exit in which Heartland reduces its ownership stake overtime could make sense if Heartland wants to minimize disruption in the relationship; it might also make it easier for Suzhou to raise capital (if this is a constraint). AIternatively, Mike could explore the sale of Heartlands interest to a more compatible third party. The partners might also wish to consider an IPO, assuming that Zhong-Lian is sufficiently developed to make this option realistic. An IPO would give Heartland an exit while providing the joint venture access to capital to continue its growth. A third question Mike should be asking is. What is Heartlands overall joint venture strategy, not just in China but also in other markets? Heartland should consider establishing a portfolio of joint venture relationships in China and other low-cost regions. That would allow the company to diversify its sourcing relationships, reducing the risk associated with any one partner. It would also allow Heartland to upgrade its skills in establishing and managing international joint ventures. Perhaps if Mikes boss became involved in negotiating a few international jVs, he would acquire a better appreciation for the challenges involved in managing such relationships. Zhong-Lian is similar to many other joint ventures in that its problems are partly due to its success. I am reminded of the jV created in the early 1980S by Merck and the Swedish pharmaceutical company Astra to help Astra enter the U. S. market. It operated successfully for more than a decade; by the late 1990S, various analysts estimated it to be worth up to $10 billion, largely because of sales of the blockbuster drug Prilosec. But the parties increasingly found that their objectives were incompatible. Merck wanted to continue benefiting from Astras current products and RD pipeline, but Astra needed control over its U. S. operations to pursue its vision of becoming a leading global pharmaceutical company. The partners eventually agreed to restructure the venture so that Dieter Turowski Is a managing director in Mergers Acquisitions at Morgan Stanley in London. Heartland should consider establishing a portfolio of joint ventures. That would reduce the risk associated with any one partner. Astra had control, and Merck would receive payments based on the sales of future products. Zhong-Lian and its Chinese parent, Suzhou First Textile, may be at a similar crossroads. To determine his next step, Mike Craves needs to answer a fundamental question: Have the partnersstrategic interests moved so far apart that the JV no longer makes sense in its currentform? The answer apDears to be yes. Suzhou is focused on expansion within China and on developing a national brand; this strategy will continue to put pressure on the ventures financial performance. Heart- A CHANGED WORLD AUGUST 2003 3 H B R CASE C O M M E N T A R Y †¢ Can Mike Keep the Joint Venture from Unraveling? H eartland Spindle entered the China market at the same time many multinationals did, about a decade ago, seeing the same enormous opportunity. The market was huge and there was undercapacity in many segments and industries, so high margins seemed assured. But that was a shortsighted and static view of the ma rket. As the multinationals rushed in and productivity quickly improved, the immediate result was a dramatic expansion of capacity, and margins deteriorated. In very short order. he companiesexpectations about revenues and profits became obsolete. and products with very strong brands. My first advice to Mike Craves would be to study the industry structure closely and determine whether a 20% return on investment is theoretically possible for Zhong-Lians products. The nextquestion is whetherthis joint venture is in a position to capture the highest margin in its industry. Does it have a unique business model, perhaps, based on some core competence? Maybe it can leverage its channel or its brand back in the United States or in other developed markets. Or perhaps Heartland can make the venture a bigger part of its global strategy, exploiting the regions labor costs and productivity edge to reconfigure its worldwide production strategy. If Mike doesnt discover a unique business model that will generate a 20% ROI, he needs to inform his boss that its time to exit. But if he believes such a return is achievable, he needs to restructure the jV to get there. If Heartland doesntwantto make any more of an investment in the venture, it could bring in a private shareholder or other marketdriven companies to buy the governments shares. Mike also needs to ensure that he is linking compensation packages to performance. Ive observed that employees in China-especially senior managers-respond very,very wellto pay-for-performance plans. Its been my experience that Chinese organizations are quite adaptable to other cultures. The problem here, and perhaps for many companies, is that real assimilation cantoccurunlessthe two partners are working toward the same goals. Zhong-Lian is under the strong influence of the government, and, as a result, it is doing exactly what should be expected: creating jobs and boosting revenue rather than profits. The minute Mike starts to create a market-driven and value-creation-driven connpany-largely by rewarding senior managers for gains in those directions-things will start to change. The joint venture is already one of the success stories on the Chinese business landscape. Ifthe venture is restructured and incentives are aligned with higher performance, it might even meet the expectations Heartland has set for it. Manyforeign executives said that if they were to move into China again, they would do so through a solely owned business, not a joint venture. Heartland also went the usual route of entering China by means of a joint venture. Many multinationals chose this path because of regulation requirements, others because of their unfamiliarity with the Chinese business landscape. Many of them have come to regret that decision. In a McKinsey survey of executives of foreign companies in China three years ago, a great number of respondents said that if they were to move into China again, they would do so through a solely owned business, not a joint venture. The main reason was that the partners often dont share the same vision or philosophy, and the disparity in the viewpoints hampers performance. The survey also found that morethanhalfofthejointventures in China are not working properly. David Xu is a principal In Zhong-Lians case, the problem does not seem to be the cultural difference so much as the difference in the two partners* visions and definitions of success. One question, then, is whether Heartlands high-margin vision is sensible. The textile industry in China is extremely competitive and will be for the foreseeable future because the entry barriers are low. The margins in textiles are therefore typically very low, except for special textiles at management consulting firm McKinsey ; Company in Shanghai. HARVARD BUSINESS REVIEW Can Mike Keep the joint Venture from Unraveling? †¢ HBR CASE COMMENTARY ment unless it improves the bottom line, wants to improve quality, and sees no benefit to creating a Chinese brand because it views China as a low-cost manufacturing platform rather than a market. In the absence of congruent performance objectives, the joint venture has no underlying strategic logic. Thus the partners immediately need to Lets look atthe Chinese marketfirst. Many revisit both their older and continuing reaforeign companies are finding it tough to sons for staying together. Ifthe partners cangenerate acceptable profits there. Even the not agree on a minimally acceptable ROI or Japanese, historically the biggest investors, that such a goal is a top priority, they should are seeing their lowest returns in China. (And think about exiting the venture. when the Japanese do invest, the size oftheir Finally, Mike is part of the problem. It is subsidiaries tends to be smaller; they dont absolutely stunning that he learned on the employ anywhere near the number of people day ofthe anniversary banquet that his partZhong-Lian Knitting does. ner wanted to make another acquisition. EiChina is also becoming a more expensive place to do business. Betweeni992 and 2001, the consumer price index in the United States increased by 1. 27times; in Shanghai, it went up 2. 21 times. Wage rates in Shanghai more than tripled between 1991 and 2000. Its not surprising that more and more competitive Japanese corporations have begun to pull out of the market-they are a ther the Chin ese partner is out of control or Mike is out of touch. How much time is Mike spending with the partner? Has he grown too comfortable in paradise? Mike needs to be proactive. Rather than simply waiting for his Chinese partner to hand him the names of acquisition candidates, for instance, he could develop specific acquisition criteria with his partner or even M ike Craves needs to start by acknowledging that his boss is correct: A 4% ROI is not enough for most foreign investors after ten years. So where is the problem? Is it in the Chinese market itself? Is it with the partnership agreement? Or is it with Mike? Id argue that all three contribute to this dilemma. Paul W. Beamish is the director ofthe Asian Management Institute at the Richard Ivey School of Business ofthe University of Western Ontario in London, Oritario. One ofthe largest costs in many joint ventures is the expatriate manager package. Perhaps he could save by reducing the number of expats. little further along the exit curve than Bill Windier is. Next,the partnership. In any international joint venture, the partners must share congruent performance measures. That is certainly not the case here. While both partners have an explicitgoalthattheJV be profitable, they differ widely in terms of what constitutes an acceptable financial return. Furthermore, some oftheir nonfinancial goals forthe JV seem to have evolved and have only now become explicit. The Chinese partner is happy with achieving a 5 to 6% profit and % being viewed asa local hero. It wants togrow the scope of the jV and establish a national brand. The U. S. partner wants a 20% ROI, will consider growth only if it improves profitability, has no interest in creating employconduct some investigations himself He should also look for additional ways of improving the JVs profitability. One of the largest costs in many joint ventures in China is the expatriate manager package. He could save money by reducing the number of expats, perhaps by promoting local managers. Lots of smart people are available. Various factors have contributed to the current situation, some of which such as the condition ofthe Chinese market-Mike cannot control. He needs to concentrate on the things he can change: the relationship between the U. S. and Chinese partners and his own managerial behavior.