My Experience At The High School As A Substitute Teacher

It has been a long road over the past seventeen years, to get to where I am now. Choosing to go to school, you would have thought would have been a no-brainer. As a young adult I never really looked beyond the day I was in. I have been through many jobs in my life, I made it a career in changing careers. The jobs I took never felt like more than just a paycheck. Most of the jobs I had I would end up in a year or so hating going to work. I would literally dread going in or even thinking about having to work there. Then I found what I would call the light going on job where I felt different, I started working at the High school as a Substitute teacher. I came to the job because I was working as an LNA, I had changed my hours to only work on the weekends. The county changed their policies, I lost my insurance, so I went per diem. As an on call LNA I received no hours, I needed money and fast. Someone told me to be a sub at the school, no education needed and they are always looking for help. I worked a lot as a substitute, mostly for paraprofessionals in the high school. One of the case managers that I worked with a lot liked what she saw and encouraged me to go for the open position, I was interviewed before the interview if that makes any sense at all. I was working in the classroom with a difficult student, the director of special education just happen to be in the room that day observing the case manager. Well, I assume she liked what she saw as well, because when IShow MoreRelatedTeaching Certificate For Special Education936 Words   |  4 PagesEven at high school graduation there was no definite decision and too much left to explore. Later, after years of working in schools as a volunteer, substitute teacher, and tutor, I had not considered the field of special education. However, six months ago I accepted an offer to work as an exceptional children teaching assistant. Now I am surprised that my goal is to obtain a teaching license in special education; but in hindsight, I should not be because of this field’s correlation to my past interestsRead MoreUniversity Of North Carolina - Greensboro Pail Program904 Words   |  4 Pagesat high school graduation there was no definite decision and too much left to explore. Later, after years of working in schools as a volunteer, substitute teacher, and tutor, I still had not considered the field of special education. However, six months ago I accepted an offer to work as an exceptional children’s teaching assistant. Now I am surprised that my goal is to obtain a teaching license in special education; but in hindsight, I should not be because of this field’s correlation to my pastRead MoreDoes Teacher Absenteeism Impact Student Learning And What Are The Main Reasons For Teacher Absences? Essay1138 Words   |  5 PagesQuestion Does teacher absenteeism impact student learning and what are the main reasons for teacher absences are the main questions to be answered. These questions were devised because two of the schools in our district have been on the academic distress list with the Arkansas Department of Education for the last four to five years. Too many teachers in our district are absent on a regular basis and our students cannot make adequate progress with substitutes and inconsistency. At our school alone, IRead MoreReflection On Culture, Ethnicity, And Race909 Words   |  4 Pagescomfortably embrace this change (Great Schools Staff, 2015). The subject of social diversity can therefore no longer be ignored since as a matter of fact, its impacts are already here with us. Public schools are becoming more diverse, and both the teachers and the students are feeling the impact. Teachers should therefore be actively involved in preparing their students to be tolerant to this change and teaching them h ow to interact in a diverse environment. As teachers, we find ourselves in this uniqueRead MoreSummary Of The Story Gryphon By Charles Baxter1190 Words   |  5 Pages The short story Gryphon by Charles Baxter is about a substitute teacher that challenges the way the children in the classroom usually think and encourages them to think with their imagination. Growing up, I also had a teacher that challenged me to think creatively as well. She inspired me to work hard and learn as much as I could. Both the story and my personal life have strong influences of a teacher wanting to better the student’s life in an unconventional way. The story starts withRead MoreThe Errors Of Judgment That Stood Out994 Words   |  4 Pagesto hurt feelings, resentment, and lack of communication. And, sweeping generalizations means â€Å"one experience is used to generalize about a whole group†. When you put an entire group into a category, you can actually lead to you missing out on good situations and even better people. On the other hand, you could also get yourself into trouble by assuming the best of an entire group based on one experience with one or two people involved. Last year, I made an unwarranted assumption at work. AlthoughRead MoreHigh School Is Not A Or Greater, Much Of The Reason For It?894 Words   |  4 PagesMy GPA is not a 3.0 or greater, much of the reason for that is because I was battling depression that started during my senior year in high school. My first few years in college it was very hard for me to focus on school because I did not even want to wake up in the morning. I was very unhappy with my life and eventually went to see the school psychiatrist. I was even admitted to a hospital for suicidal tendencies. My overnight stay there, seeing others battling depression, was enough for me to realizeRead MoreInvestigating Meaningful Teaching1044 Words   |  5 PagesFramework SPE-330 May 26, 2011 Investigating Meaningful Teaching Investigating what meaningful teaching is it is having teachers that are willing to teach to the whole student by having patience, compassion and developing a meaningful relationship with their students. Being a positive influence and having effective classroom management. An effective teacher is a teacher that wears many hats such as a coach, actor, cheerleader and friend. Having the ability to read their moods, body language,Read MorePersonal Narrative Rough Draft : Choosing A Career Is Not An Easy Task864 Words   |  4 Pagesin the back of my mind I would always say a teacher because I come from a long history of teachers in my family. One of my grandpas was a high school math teacher along with coaching the football team. My aunt is an elementary school substitute teacher specializing in special needs students, while my uncle is a high school history teacher. While, my father is a physical education teacher who has taught at both the elementary and high school level. Grow ing up around so many teachers made me think IRead MoreThe Teacher Who Has The Most Experience Among The Five Participants840 Words   |  4 PagesBelinda. Belinda is the teacher who has the most experience among the five participants in this study. She has navigated her career path well because she also holds the highest degree among the participants a Specialist in Educational Leadership. Belinda describes her path to teaching as a default to her first choice of working as a computer programmer. She stated â€Å"I had no plans in college to become an educator†. She actually became a teacher because of a personal connection to a principal

Characteristics Of The English Language Learners - 1026 Words

1. There are many types of diversity. List two types and explain how those affect students’ reading abilities. Linguistic diversity is when a student’s first language is not the language of instruction at school. According to Garcia, American Standard English is seen as a vital tool for success in the United States which affects reading abilities of English language learners. Since the implantation of No Child Left Behind and Common Core, English language learners have to a second language and complex academic materials. Teacher have to understand the English language learners face unique challenges when learning to read and have limited background and vocabulary restrictions. Cultural diversity is the situation that results when a student’s home, family, socioeconomic group, culture, and society differ from the predominant culture of the school. It is closely related to linguistic diversity. The student’s language is related to culture. When the language that the students uses at home is different at school, it affects the child ability to communicate which affects the student’s reading ability. 2. There are four instructional approaches that schools use to transform the curriculum in order to make accommodations for students who are culturally diverse. List and explain two approaches. The transformative approach is when teachers provide opportunities for students to read about concepts and events. It is more social, and students read and discuss culturalShow MoreRelatedCharacteristics Of English Language Learners2031 Words   |  9 Pagesteachers with English language learners. However, the researcher determined that three key areas of research effectively overlapped that, when combined, create an accurate picture of the current state of ELL teachers and use of the PLC model. This literature review establishes the characteristics of English language learners and their needs in the classroom, explores the current philosophy of professional development needs specifically for teachers with English language learners, and outlines theRead MoreVocabulary Learning Strategy Research Analysis883 Words   |  4 Pagesvocabulary and lexical learning. Macaro (2001) suggests a two dimension view for vocabulary learning strategies research. According to him studies in learn ers’ strategies can be divided into two different types, that is, descriptive studies and intervention studies. Descriptive studies are those studies that describe the characteristics of a good learners (e.g. Rubin, 1975), studies that count the use of strategies and studies that compare the use of strategies between groups. Whereas intervention studiesRead MoreHatchinson and Waters (1987) asserted that â€Å"ESP should properly be seen not as any particular1300 Words   |  6 Pagesparticular language product but as an approach to language teaching which is directed by specific and apparent reasons for learning† (p. 19). In addition, â€Å"it is an approach to language learning which is based on learner need. The foundation of all ESP is a simple question: Why does this leaner need to learn a foreign language?† (Hatchinson Waters, 1987, p. 19). Strevens (as cited in Dudley Evans St. John, 1998) differentiates between four absolute characteristics and two variable characteristics ofRead MoreLearning Strategies to Learn English1058 Words   |  5 Pagesto learn English It is time to learn effective strategies for learning English as a second language acquisition. It is important to know that there are some learning strategies to help students how to learn English. Those strategies are learning English by the use of the internet and learning English in a classroom. But there are some students that do not have success on learning English and there are some questions about it: Why some students are not successful English learner? Is it effectiveRead MoreA Short Note On L1 And L2 Development1652 Words   |  7 Pageswho is an Australian L1 native speaker of English. This report discusses the factors influence Mari’s L2 development. Factors affecting the learner’s L2 development 1. The similarities and differences between L1 and L2 Acquiring second language is different with first language development. These differences are the learning environment, learning development, interlanguage, learning goal, knowledge transfer and others. L1 Learners in the native language environment, people in this environment areRead MoreDifferences Between L2 And L2 Development1681 Words   |  7 Pageswho is an Australian L1 native speaker of English. This report discusses the factors influence Mari’s L2 development. Factors affecting the learner’s L2 development 1. The similarities and differences between L1 and L2 Acquiring second language is different with first language development. These differences are the learning environment, learning development, interlanguage, learning goal, knowledge transfer and others. L1 Learners in the native language environment, people in this environment areRead MoreThe Characteristics Of Efl Learners Essay1139 Words   |  5 Pages the characteristics of EFL learners, language teaching approaches, language acquisition and learning, the process of teaching language systems, presenting and practising the language, as well as teaching the language skills.First of all, in session one it is important for teachers to know of differences among learners or the characteristics of EFL learners through their stages of life, learning styles and personalities. When understanding differences among learners, teachersRead MoreFactors Affecting Second Language Acquisition1417 Words   |  6 PagesMuedra Peris Module QXL-4413 - ELF Theory Assignment 1 Factors Affecting Second Language Acquisition According to Lightbown and Spada, when teaching English as a Second Language we have to take into account certain characteristics in our learners that may lead to a more or less successful language learning. The characteristics discussed in this chapter are intelligence, aptitude, personality, motivation and attitudes, learners preferences and beliefs and age of acquisition. Intelligence, traditionallyRead MoreA Study On The Hull Regional Dialect As A Variety Of English With Standard English1182 Words   |  5 Pagesof speaking. Individuals are identified by speech sounds in their language (phonology), syntax and morphology. A combination of these features, make up a regional dialect by a people can be recognized. Consider an analysis of 2 example of text that highlight the Hull regional dialect as a variety of English with Standard English in its written form. Individuals are may choose to adopt a particular non-standard variety of English and indeed its accent through convergence, divergence or maintenanceRead MoreThe Grading Scale Of The Composition963 Words   |  4 Pagesimprecise ideas; to excellent, being that there was a focus on the main idea and an elaborated amount of details were supplied. The English language mechanics in are the written conventions that do not occur in the oral dialect. A few of the common conventions are capitalization, paragraphing of ideas, punctuation and proper spelling. However, the English language can be exceptionally difficult for ELL’s when it comes to the mechanics of spelling, due to the fact that it is made up of like sounding

Financil free essay sample

Ann Polytechnic School of Business Accountancy April 2013 Semester Fundamentals of Financial Management Tutorial 3: Financial Accounting Fundamentals (Part II) for Week Beginning 6 May 2013. Read the Business Times article, â€Å"Beginner’s Guide to Equities†, dated on 25 April 2011 and answer the following questions: In event of liquidation, what right clearly distinguishes a shareholder from a creditor (who has lent money to the company)? Creditor is the priority of pay What privileges do preference shareholders enjoy that ordinary shareholders do not have? Privilege of preference shareholders : Fixed rates of dividends Priority of claim in liquidation Possibilty of redemtion of shares Priority of payment of dividends Which class of shareholders would expect to reap greater benefits from a highly profitable company? Why? 2. The following items are provided for RS Enterprise on 30 September 2011: Cash $7,635 Office Equipment $14,160 Other Receivables $1,680 Rent Expense $7,200 Retained Losses (1 October 2010) $27,000 Share Capital $30,630 Trade Payables $15,420 Trade Receivables $7,650 With reference to the Statement of Comprehensive Income prepared in Tutorial 2, complete the Statement of Financial Position for RS Enterprise. We will write a custom essay sample on Financil or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page $ Current Assets Cash 7635 Trade receivables 7650 Other receivables 1680 Sub-total 16965 Non-current Assets Fixed Assets Office equipment 14160 Total Assets 31125 Current Liabilities Trade payables 15420 Non-current Liabilities 0 Total Liabilities 15420 Equity Share capital 30630 Retained losses (-27,000 + 12,075) 14925 15075 Total Liabilities and Equity 31125 The following items are provided for EFS Limited on 31 December 2012: Accounts payable $3,500 Accounts receivable $3,400 Bank overdraft $2,000 Cash $15,100 Equipment $27,000 Furniture Fixtures $15,000 Retained earnings (1 Jan 2011) $11,430 Share capital $40,000 With reference to the Statement of Comprehensive Income prepared in Classwork 2, complete the Statement of Financial Position for EFS Limited $ $ Current Assets Cash 15100 Accounts receivable 3400 18500 Non-current Assets Fixed Assets Furniture and fixtures 15000 Equipment 27000 42000 Total Assets 60500 Current Liabilities Accounts payable 3500 Bank Overdraft 2000 5500 Non-current Liabilities 0 Total Liabilities 5500 Equity Share capital 40000 Retained Earnings (11,430 + 3,570 ) 15000 55000 Total Liabilities and Equity 60500

International Management for Power Orientation - MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theInternational Management for Power Orientation. Answer: Making Sense Of Cultural Differences Cultural differences are important factors to consider, especially for business people with an intent of maintaining stability or joining the international markets entrepeneurship ( Feraro Briody, 2015). Cultural differences dimensions are divided into different aspects which consist of values that determine person's behavior and actions towards certain situations. The value orientation of cultural differences dimensions is; social orientation, power orientation, goal orientation and uncertainty orientation (Feraro Briody, 2015). Another important value orientation that determines cultural differences across the world are; Man-nature, time, activity and relational orientations.The man nature orientation is about people's culture and their environment. Time orientation is to do with historical existence, activity orientation deals with economic social events within a cultural concept, whereas the relational orientation focuses on the leaders role in ensuring the well-being of the su bjects. Williams 2016, argues that it is important to have a knowledge of the relationship between people and their environment in determining an individual culture. This is because the behavior of people within a cultural concept is determined by people's knowledge of their environment. The characteristics determining cultural value orientation are attitudes, behavior, culture and values. These features identify the differences and similarities of human interactions. Fundamentals Of Cross-Cultural Interactions Humans cognitions plays a significant role in determining our cultural interactions. Humans, use their cognition in constructing their behaviors concerning what happened in the past and the current experiences then relate it to future predictions. For instance; in studying culture, scholars often relate the past cultural experiences to present experiences then relate the influence of the experience to future generations. However, this may lead to biases as individuals from different societies have various experience categorizations. Using cognitive recognitions in determining cultural interactions creates stereotypes that may hinder the successful cultural interactions. Psychologically, the brain functionality is often more self-centered as it wants individuals to think positively of themselves than of others. The innermost part of the brain usually forms judgments of individuals events even before they meeting based on the general knowledge, thus impacting on positive or negative b iases based on selective perceptions or projected similarities. Nonetheless, people often tend to place positive judgments of people from their ingroups and judge other societies based on their beliefs thus categorizing the societies as unsuccessful. Cognition also leads to stereotyping which may lead to disunity, hatred, and conflicts.Racism is an example of the most prevalent stereotype that hinders cultural diversity ( Siu Lo,2013). Cultural Intelligence Cultural intelligence is an individual ability to overcome stereotypes and view their aesthetic and that of others from a different nonbiased perspective ( Crowne, 2013). Cultural intelligence is based on the assumptions that cross-cultural interactions can only be achieved in non-conflicting situations as conflicting circumstances causes communication disagremnets (Vernon,2014). There is need to combine cultural intelligence with other forms of intelligence such as cognitive inteligence, behavioral intelligence and emotional intelligence. Cognitive intelligence requires individuals to possess knowledge of cognitive capabilities of mental processes such as cultural-specific knowledge, general cultural knowledge, and mindfulness. These attributes help an individual to avoid unnecessary judgments on other cultures. For example, the cultural-specific knowledge helps an individual have an idea of a particular culture, the general knowledge help an individual develop general assumptions b ased on the culture while mindfulness erases all the stereotypes. Behavioral intelligence encompasses adjustability, competence, individual behavior consciousness and willingness to learn other peoples culture. Emotional intelligence deals with self-confidence, ability to learn and interact with other cultures and capacity to set values and goals aimed at fostering successful cultural interactions. Cultural intelligence can be promoted by developing a dialect logic through self-awareness, mindfulness, and ability to accommodate new information through participation. Communicating With Strangers Communication is the message sharing and transfer process. A communication channel involves a sender, receiver, and a message. Effective communication usually occurs with the minimization of gaps between sent messages, received messages and the response to the signals ( Moran et al.,2014). Cross-cultural communication process occurs when a message encoded in one culture is decoded in another culture. The critical cultural communication process takes place when an individual communicates with a stranger. Communication with strangers is never a perfect nor impressive scenario due to difficulties and comfort that these communication processes causes. There are variations by which messages are encoded and decoded in different cultures. This is because communication process among cultures is dependent on the language, words being used in communication and societal attitudes. Language affects communication due to similarities of language across cultures thus causing communication barriers. Words cause cross-cultural communication difficulties as some words may be the same in more than one societies but mean differently in other cultures ( Kinloch, and Metge,2014 ). Societal attitudes in communications may also contribute to communication differences due to emotional communications procedures. For instance,in other societies people seems to communicate on high emotions while in other communicate on neutral feelings. Ethical Decision Making In An International Context There are close interrelations between ethics, culture, and communication. Ethics guide a person's moral principle based on their beliefs or societal belief (Shaw Barry,2014). Moral principles arising from ethical behaviors determines an individual decision towards an action. The International business communication process is a more complex and interactive process that requires quality decision-making skills and high standard ethical principles application. Ethical issues are more involved in global context due to; competition, stakeholder multiplicity, cultural differences, legislative frameworks, transparency, and visibility. An international entrepreneur should practice high ethical standards due to global market competitiveness that requires an individual to behave in an acceptable way. The entrepreneur must also practice transparency and visibility about the legislative structures of the business as people view ethical perspectives based on action, intentions, and consequences . Ethics are also based on absolute truth and cultural relevant truth. International global communication requires the application of cooperate social responsibility which is geared towards benefiting all individuals from an environmental, personnel, equality participatory and product and supplier perspective. Ethical decision-making framework is based on; legal obligations, an industry code of conduct., Code of Ethics, Employee guidelines, superior colleagues and mentors ( determines the level of authority within an organization), personal ethical standards and evaluation and reflection process. Work Cited Crowne, K.A., 2013. Cultural exposure, emotional intelligence, and cultural intelligence: An exploratory study.International Journal of Cross Cultural Management,13(1), pp.5-22. Ferraro, G. and Brody, E.K., 2015.Cultural Dimension of Global Business. Routledge. Kinloch, P. and Metge, J., 2014.Talking past each other: Problems of cross-cultural communication. Victoria University Press. Moran, R.T., Abramson, N.R. and Moran, S.V., 2014.Managing cultural differences. Routledge. Shaw, W.H. and Barry, V., 2015.Moral issues in business. Cengage Learning. Siu, W.S. and Lo, E.S.C., 2013. Cultural contingency in the cognitive model of entrepreneurial intention.Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,37(2), pp.147-173. Vernon, P.E., 2014.Intelligence and Cultural Environment (Psychology Revivals). Routledge. Williams Jr, R., 2016. Waterman: The Life and Times of Duke Kahanamoku by David Davis (review).Hawaiian Journal of History,50(50), pp.153-15

Hewlett Packard DeskJet Printer Supply Chain Essay Example

Hewlett Packard: DeskJet Printer Supply Chain Essay 1. What caused the so-called Inventory/Service crisis?The perceived problem from Vancouver manufacturing centers view point is the European Distribution Centers poor forecast accuracy. The perceived problem from European distribution centers view point is that the manufacturing center requires too long of a lead time. As a result, some localized product lines within the European distribution center are out of stock, while other product lines have excess inventory.The causes of the stock overage and underage are as follows:- A 6 week replenishment lead time to get a product from the Vancouver manufacturer to European distributor is relatively long for a high-volume consumer good, particularly relative to the 8 days it takes to get product to the U.S. distribution center. (For Europe, it takes 1 week for manufacturing and 5 weeks for shipping.)- The Vancouver manufacturer currently must produce many skus, which vary by low cost modular components that mate with a much more costly, gene ric component. The distribution centers exist on three continents, each with several more localized configurations.- The players within the supply chain, the Vancouver manufacturer and the European distribution center, have a narrow view of their respective roles and have inflexible policies. Vancouver manufacturer operates only as a manufacturer, and hence, optimizes its operation to hold no inventory. Meanwhile, the European distribution center operates only as a distributor, and therefore only manages inventory levels and will not perform any assembly work. If both players would broaden their viewpoints to the entire supply chain, then they could perform final, localization assembly tasks at optimal points in the supply chain to minimize stock outages or overages. Essentially, it is optimal to postpone localization assembly until the moment demand for a localized configuration is known, which is in the European distribution center, closest to the customers that drive demand.Risk pooling would take place within the European distribution center to greatly reduce the safety stock for low-volume product lines (for small countries) where demand is most variable.2a. What are the different alternatives available to Brent to address the inventory/service crisis? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each?The alternatives to address the inventory/service crisis are as follows:Alternative 1: Ship to European distribution center by air rather than by sea:- Advantages: Considering all the models Safety stock is 5445 units lower when shipping by air to Europe- Disadvantages: Total costs of supply chain is $3,322,016 more when shipping by air to Europe.Alternative 2: Perform final assembly for localization in Europes distribution center.- Advantage: Risks are pooled across all lines in the European distribution center, thus reducing the required safety stock, particularly for low-volume skus going to small countries.- Disadvantage: European distribution center wou ld have to stock localized items separately, and would have to change processes to accommodate assembly tasks.Alternative 3: Since both players are within the same company, they could switch from a periodic review to a continuous review via online data exchange to reduce order lead time as well as order cost.Advantages: Order lead time and costs would be reduced, and both players would benefit.Disadvantages: Minimal, aside from process change.Alternative 4: To further reduce total cost of operation, HP may want to further consolidate all languages within a single manual, standardize the power supply, leaving only the power cord and a voltage regulator switch as the variables for localization. The costs per manual and per power supply may increase, but the more generic units allow assembly costs to be reduced and risks to be pooled, thus reducing inventory costs (i.e., safety stock).Advantages: Though Bill of Material is not provided in the case, stocking localized manual and power c ords is less expensive than stocking entirely localized skus.Disadvantages: Cost per manual and per power supply may increase.2b. Consider a periodic-review, order-up-to model to evaluate the various alternatives available (air shipping and ocean shipping) to Brent Cartier to address the inventory and service problem. Use the same methods to evaluate the inventory savings associated with a generic European product that would be assembled-to-order in the European distribution center under each shipping option.2c. If you were Brent Cartier, what would you recommend? How would you expect the different stakeholders to feel about this proposal? How would you sell your recommendation to these stakeholders?Answer:Specifically, HP should postpone localization assembly until the moment demand for a localized configuration is known, which is in the European distribution center, closest to the customers that drive demand.We would expect Vancouver manufacturing team to protest against Distribut ion centers performing assembly, as they would think they would be losing control on the manufacturing. They would think why the distribution centers, who cannot provide proper forecast are taking away some of their tasks. The European distribution center (and other DCs) would feel changing the processes is not warranted and the inventory management should be a shared responsibility of Vancouver Manufacturing center with the DCs. They wouldnt be comfortable to change the processes in order to perform final localization assembly tasks.We would sell the recommendation by emphasizing the total cost of operation will decrease, and risks can be pooled closer to the source of variable demand in order to prevent stock outs and overages. We would further assert that the Vancouver manufacturer and European distribution channel must broaden their viewpoints in order to optimize operations across the entire supply chain.We also recommend HP continue to ship to European distribution center by s ea as we can see from Appendix , from overall supply chain cost perspective, shipping by Sea is a cheaper option compared to shipping by Air. We would recommend shipping by air only if costs of a stock out offset costs air freight, and to prevent any customer satisfaction issues.To further reduce total cost of operation, HP should consider further consolidation of all languages within a single manual, standardize the power supply, leaving only the power cord and a voltage regulator switch as the variables for localization. The costs per manual and per power supply may increase, but the more generic units allow assembly costs to be reduced and risks to be pooled, thus reducing inventory costs (i.e., safety stock).For the following two questions, consider only option AB solid in Europe:2d. The Marketing Department is concerned about increasing competition from other manufacturers and ha proposed that the target fill rate for all products be raised to 99.5%. What is the incremental ave rage annual cost of attaining the higher target service level for option AB, assuming all products are shipped by sea?Answer: Option ABs incremental average annual cost is $371,225.10 by increasing the safety stock by 3,569 units, which is a 6.43%.2e. A detailed market study shows that only a small segment of the Europenan market representing 30% of sale, requires 99.5% fill rate. HP can maintain its competitive position in the rest of the European market with its current 98% service level. The Logistics Department has proposed a differentiated service policy whereby inventory is physically separated and allocated to each of the two market segments in order to achieve the 99.5% and 98% fill rates, respectively. (Consider the distribution demand for each region.) What is the cost impact of such a policy, compared with the current practice of providing the higher service level to all customers (such as the previous question)? (Assume that all products are shipped by sea). Should this practice be adopted?Answer: The required safety stock increases when providing service level at differential fill rates and costs increase by 6.38%. Whenever variability is divided into more parts, variability overall increases because risks are no longer pooled. We would not recommend this policy segmenting fill rates as costs would increase, unless the customer was willing to compensate us for the costs.

History of Exxon-Mobil Oil Company

History of Exxon-Mobil Oil Company To trace the history of Exxon-Mobil Oil Corporation, we first need to go back to the formation of Standard Oil Company. John D. Rockefeller incorporated this company with Henry Flagler in 1870, and until it was broken up Standard oil was the largest, most profitable business in the world. However, in 1911, Standard Oil was forced to break up into 34 separate, unrelated companies by the Supreme Court.Mobil Chemical Company was not formed until 1960 from Socony-Vacuum Corporation, which was made up of two separate companies in the first half of the 20th century. In 1976, Mobil Oil Corporation became the official name for Socony-Vacuum Corporation. From there Mobil went on to be the most influential Oil company in the entire world, along with Exxon. In 1984, Exxon Oil company topped the $100 billion mark for revenues for the first time. Exxon went on expanding until The Valdez Oil spill in 1989 off the small port city of Valdez, Alaska.Exxon gas pumps have issuesFinally, in 1999, Exxon and Mobil joined to form Exxon Mobil corporation. The merger shaved off approximately $4.6 billion every year in costs.The merging of these two companies combined not only two enormous oil companies, but two entirely separate corporate cultures as well. Exxon had always been much stronger in finance and engineering than Mobil, and Mobil had always been, historically, a marketing giant and one of the best deal-cutting businesses of the late 20th century. Exxon was by far the more rigid of the two corporate cultures, being led by Lee Raymond to this point. Lucio A. Noto, the head of Mobil, was known for his charm and energy more than anything else, became the figurehead for the much more relaxed culture of Mobil.In general, the Mobil executives were serving under the Exxon executives,

Contemporary Auditing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Contemporary Auditing - Essay Example and more over it needs a three party relationship that is an auditor [approved and appointed by the Government authority], client and the management. Where as in the other services independent professionals approved by the CPA would carry out the service. Mainly the customers determine the economy of the nation, the aim of any organisation is focused at satisfying the customers, so that the targeted economy could be maintained all the time. The need for satisfying the customers has become a compulsory and necessary requirement to win over the competencies. This is the running economic issue through out the world. Organisations and clients are looking out for reliable information rather than the one obtained through evaluation or investigation. An assurance service is guided by the CPA which include independent verification of the data over which an expanded and reliable and variety of information is provided, as a result the job of decision-making becomes easy .At present satisfying the needs of the customers and improving, the strategies have become important concerns of organisations. To achieve the goals and strategies an assurance service will help the organisations as well as the customers to get assurance over the objectives. So the demand has increased for assurance services rather than for other services. Assurance engagement is a type of commitment taken by the service provider who would make critical reasoning of the issues involved in decision-making. Which as a result will bring together the client and the service provider, in which the latter will give his suggestions for new services to see whether the goals are achieved or not. More over an assurance engagement will include a deep evaluation of the objectives, and formulates best and informative solutions and suggests for further improvement in performance. As attestation engagement service includes the job of reviewing the